Loss of Control in Flight · NTSB ANC13FA027

CESSNA 182B — Nikolai, AK

3 fatal High-time pilot
DateMarch 4, 2013
LocationNikolai, AK
AircraftCESSNA 182B
Purpose of flightPersonal
ConditionsDay · Visual Meteorological Cond
Phase / occurrenceEnroute-cruise Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT)
Pilot age59
Pilot total time1,680 hrs · Experienced
Time in typeUnknown
Fatalities3

Probable cause

The pilot’s failure to maintain adequate airspeed while maneuvering inside a box canyon and the airplane’s subsequent aerodynamic stall, which resulted in an in-flight collision with mountainous terrain. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s visual disorientation in flat light conditions.

NTSB findings

  • Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-Airspeed-Not attained/maintained - C
  • Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot - C
  • Environmental issues-Physical environment-Terrain-Mountainous/hilly terrain-Contributed to outcome - C
  • Personnel issues-Psychological-Perception/orientation/illusion-Visual illusion/disorientation-Pilot - F
  • Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Light condition-Flat light-Effect on personnel - F

What happened

The commercial pilot and two passengers were on a personal cross-country flight that included flying through a narrow mountain pass. The typical route through the pass required making multiple turns, and the pass intersected with a box canyon. A family member reported the airplane overdue for arrival, and an alert notice was issued. The airplane's wreckage was located the following day at the bottom of the box canyon.

A pilot who flew through the mountain pass on the morning of the accident reported 4,400-foot ceilings, severe turbulence, and flat light conditions. A friend of the pilot who attempted to cross the mountain pass the day of the accident reported flat light conditions and having difficulty discerning terrain features. He turned the airplane around due to the weather conditions and returned to the airport. He also stated that the accident pilot had become disorientated the previous year while flying a helicopter through the same mountain pass and had taken the wrong route.

A postaccident examination revealed no evidence of a mechanical malfunction or failure with the airframe or engine that would have precluded normal operation. Given the lack of mechanical anomalies, the reported weather conditions, and the pilot statements, it is likely that the accident pilot mistakenly entered the box canyon thinking it was his route. Additionally, wreckage impact signatures and GPS data indicated that it is likely that the pilot was attempting to avoid rising terrain by entering a steep bank turn, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall.

An editorial "what led to it / how to avoid it" analysis for this accident is generated separately and will appear here.

View the official NTSB docket →