Loss of Control in Flight · NTSB ERA12FA484

CESSNA 172M — San Juan, PR

1 fatal High-time pilotBase-to-final turn
DateJuly 25, 2012
LocationSan Juan, PR
AircraftCESSNA 172M
Purpose of flightPersonal
ConditionsDay · Visual Meteorological Cond
Phase / occurrenceApproach-VFR pattern final Loss of control in flight
Pilot age57
Pilot total time1,175 hrs · Experienced
Time in type500 hrs
Fatalities1

Probable cause

Maintenance personnel’s improper lubrication of the right direct aileron control cable and failure to detect the severe corrosion of the cable during a maintenance inspection, which resulted in the in-flight failure of the cable, the pilot’s subsequent inability to maintain aircraft control, and the airplane’s impact with terrain.

NTSB findings

  • Aircraft-Aircraft systems-Flight control system-Aileron control system-Fatigue/wear/corrosion - C
  • Personnel issues-Task performance-Maintenance-Scheduled/routine maintenance-Maintenance personnel - C
  • Aircraft-Aircraft systems-Flight control system-Aileron control system-Malfunction - C
  • Environmental issues-Task environment-Physical workspace-Access to equipment/controls-Contributed to outcome
  • Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-(general)-Attain/maintain not possible - C

What happened

About 4 minutes before the accident, the pilot advised an air traffic controller that an aileron cable had broken but that he was continuing to the airport to land. Security video and eyewitness reports revealed that the airplane was at low altitude and appeared to be maintaining level flight until it banked right, descended, and impacted water near the airport in a right-wing-down attitude.

A postaccident examination of the wreckage indicated that all of the airplane's flight control cables were lubricated except for a fractured section of aileron control direct cable near the doorpost pulley, which was likely not properly lubricated. Most of the cable strands and the doorpost pulley and bearing exhibited severe corrosion near the fracture. When manipulated by hand, the pulley bearing would not rotate due to the corrosion. Analysis of the cable, doorpost pulley, and an exemplar cable from a similar make and model aircraft that had been flown in similar atmospheric conditions (in what is considered a severe corrosion zone) revealed moderate to severe corrosion. It is likely that, during the airplane's maintenance inspection 6 months before the accident, the mechanic failed to detect the corroded cable due to the difficulty in visually seeing the cable. It is also likely that the doorpost pulley's failure to rotate resulted in tension on the right aileron control cable, which subsequently caused it to fail due to the severe corrosion. The aircraft manufacturer's maintenance manual for the airplane gives specific instructions for lubricating and inspecting flight control cables and pulleys every 600 hours or 12 months, whichever comes first, including, in part, examining the cables for corrosion and the pulleys to ensure smooth rotation. After the accident, the manufacturer produced a video emphasizing the importance of properly examining and lubricating the cables.

An editorial "what led to it / how to avoid it" analysis for this accident is generated separately and will appear here.

View the official NTSB docket →