VFR into IMC · NTSB WPR13LA062

CESSNA 172S — Kahului, HI

1 fatal NightLow altitude
DateDecember 2, 2012
LocationKahului, HI
AircraftCESSNA 172S
Purpose of flightPersonal
ConditionsNight/Dark · Visual Meteorological Cond
Phase / occurrenceManeuvering Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT)
Pilot age51
Pilot total time785 hrs · Building experience
Time in type0 hrs
Fatalities1

Probable cause

The noninstrument-rated pilot’s spatial disorientation and subsequent failure to maintain airplane control while operating over water in dark night conditions with reduced visibility due to rain in the area.  

NTSB findings

  • Personnel issues-Psychological-Perception/orientation/illusion-Spatial disorientation-Pilot - C
  • Personnel issues-Task performance-Use of equip/info-Aircraft control-Pilot - C
  • Environmental issues-Physical environment-Terrain-Water-Contributed to outcome
  • Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Light condition-Dark-Effect on operation - C
  • Environmental issues-Conditions/weather/phenomena-Ceiling/visibility/precip-Rain-Effect on operation - C
  • Aircraft-Aircraft oper/perf/capability-Performance/control parameters-(general)-Not attained/maintained - C

What happened

The noninstrument-rated pilot was conducting a personal interisland flight. According to air traffic control information, shortly after the airplane took off, an air traffic controller observed that the airplane's radar track was not heading toward the pilot's intended destination. He asked the pilot if he still intended to land at his original destination, and the pilot replied that he did. The pilot then reported that he was going to perform a 360-degree turn to track toward his intended destination. However, the airplane's radar track showed that the airplane then made a descending left turn. Subsequently, radio and radar contact with the pilot and airplane, respectively, were lost, and a search and rescue mission was initiated. Parts of the airplane were located, but the pilot and the majority of the airplane were not found. During the flight, the pilot did not report any mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

Dark (moonless) night conditions prevailed for the flight. Weather information did not reveal the presence of any aviation weather hazards. The data did identify the potential for broken cloud layers below 3,000 ft mean sea level in the area at the time of the accident. Further, weather radar imagery identified light rain showers at ground level. The pilot's intended flightpath likely would have taken the airplane through or very close to the area of light rain; however, it could not be determined how long the pilot might have operated the airplane in these conditions. It is likely that the pilot became spatially disoriented after flying over the ocean during dark night conditions with reduced visibility and subsequently failed to maintain airplane control.

An editorial "what led to it / how to avoid it" analysis for this accident is generated separately and will appear here.

View the official NTSB docket →